Solar system generator has extraordinary ability. Bunaken Island in North Sulawesi Province, is the first island in Indonesia which get advantages by full usage of solar system electrical generator. Beforehand, electrical generator that is used in Bunaken is diesel. By just using diesel electrical generator, Bunaken residents just could watch television in the night. Now with 100 percent solar system electrical generator, they can enjoy watching television for whole day. 
Besides of its powerfulness, solar system has other several advantages. First, because it's use sun heat, solar system doesn't create air pollution at all. Second, from economic side, solar system is cheaper than diesel system.
Further, the solar system will be applied in other islands in Indonesia, such as in Wakatobi Island (Southeast Sulawesi Province), Giliterawangan Island (West Nusa Tenggara Province), Derawan Island (East Borneo Province), and Raja Ampat Island (Papua Province).
Wow, the development of solar system technology is faster that I thought! If more and more areas use this technology, air pollution can be greatly reduced!
From: Jawa Pos News, February 7, 2011
If conventional cars right now have gas station to refill their exhausted fuel, electric cars will also have electric station to recharge its energy. How it works? Just imagine our laptop. Our laptop has battery to retain electric power that can make our laptop be able to operate. When power of battery is almost exhausted, we'll connect our laptop to the wall plug to recharge.
The concept of electric car recharging is same with laptop. Electric car will have battery that can retain electric power for several weeks. When the battery power is almost exhausted, the driver can recharge the power in the nearest electric station.
Now this concept has already implemented! See this!
When we still sat on the High School desk, we were often crammed by a number of new vocabularies. We must memorize tenth of vocabs until night, we feel so sleepy but tomorrow we have English test. But now we have already known much of those vocabs very well. Even though we forget a word and we hear someone say that word, we will think, “Wait, look like I've heard this word before”. Our brain will search the word, match the word with our “database”. Just like my lecturer said, “Human brain is amazing.”
Yeah, I really agree with my lecturer statement. How can we be considered as smart? I ever read that it's not depend on how much data we know, but it is depend on how can we link every data that we have. For example I'll tell you about one word: mountain. If me, I'll think: mountain...hmmm, the mountain I do want to visit is Mount Fuji. Mount Fuji is located in Japan. Japan has so many anime. But watch too much anime is not good because it can make us addicted......Stop here! Mountain and addicted....it has already gone too far!
What if we apply such intelligence into machine?
In the future, we will need smart machine. A machine that's not just run the program sequentially. Do you ever write a program to process factorial number? Or the program that's used to encode and decode message? Those are sequential program, because the program processes data input by a process that has many formulas that are defined before, and then results output. Data input must be complete in order to run the program successfully.
Flowchart of sequential program
Learning machine doesn't need complete data to run, because learning machine has rules. Rules is used to handle and link incomplete data input. Unlike sequential program that must have exact input and output, learning program can handle uncertainty situation. If needed, program can add new rule from its own predefined rules, by the formula that is given before. More often the program used, more rules the program will have and hence the output will be more accurate. Just like human, more experience that we have, we will be wiser.
At the moment, learning machine is usually used in expert system, a system that act as an expert. For example a software that is aimed to ask for patient's disease. At the beginning operation, the software needs human expert involvement to enter enough rules and data that is needed. As time goes by, the software itself can link data according to the rules that the software has without human expert involvement. More rules that the software has, the result is also more satisfied and accurate.
In my opinion, a machine that can learn must be developed further, not just to investigate a problem. We can widen the need of learning machine to other aspects. For example, a robot. In first use, the robot needs human expert to control robot behavior: what robot must do when meet a kind of obstacle, what robot must do when meet another kind of obstacle. As time goes by, no matter where the robot is placed, robot knows what to do according to its experiences before (read as: according to the predefined rules). Moreover, the robot can make its own rules according to predefined rules that the robot has before, make the robot smarter and smarter.
Learning machine isn't as terrible as we see in the Terminator movie. Instead, it will help us very much.
The number of vehicles using fuel oil energy is increasing and increasing now. Plane, car, or ship accident often happens. These accidents are often caused by fuel oil problem or aggravated by fuel oil. The damaged machine causes fire splash and then spreads to fuel oil tank, blaaarrr……The fuel oil explosion is happened and it causes more victims.
If the accident happens in the sea, oil from ships will spill in the sea. How many sea creatures die, how wide the water area have been polluted when Deepwater Horizon accident happens in Mexico Gulf?
Besides accident, the increasing number of vehicles using fuel oil energy causes air pollution mainly in urban area. Smoke that is produced make the city is lack of fresh air. Fueled oil vehicle is one of the main causes of global warming.
Will our earth be always like that? Car factory continues to product cars, more and more people have dream to owe luxury car, but….
In the fact, our crude oil isn’t increasing.
Even day by day, oilrigs in the offshore will always decrease the capacity of our crude oil for the sake of people need.
What if our crude oil is exhausted? Let us think about the worst effect that may be happened!
War happens because each country struggles to get the remaining crude oil. Crude oil becomes so scarce and its price is extremely high. There is inflation everywhere. It’s possible that nuclear war will be happened!
Terrible, isn’t it? So, it’s necessary to think alternative energy source for our future!
Every morning when we get up, see outside….our surrounding is lightened by sunlight. When we get out, our body is warmed by sunlight. Sunlight that lightens our world since ancient time is abundant and eternal energy source. It won’t be exhausted, no matter how much we use it.
If sunlight can support live for billions of people in this earth and so that for every creature, of course we also can use this awesome energy source. Yeah, use it becomes energy source for our vehicles!
Do you know Zephyr, plane which energy source comes from solar energy? Zephyr can stay aloft for two weeks, day and night above Arizona, US! In the noon, solar panels in its wing absorb energy from the sun and some of them are stored in lithium-sulphur battery, so the battery gives energy for Zephyr in the night. Believe it or not, in theory Zephyr can stay aloft forever, no need for landing! (http://www.technewsdaily.com/solar-powered-uav-stays-aloft-for-weeks-on-end--0872/)
Let us use our imagination, imagine a city in the future which the energy source of all vehicles comes from solar. Noise from car can be greatly reduced, city air can be still fresh no matter how much car in the road, the number of victims that can be greatly reduced because we don’t need to worry about explosion that comes from fuel oil tank, and people can still have dream to owe a luxury car - with much more futuristic and cool model!
In addition, with technology advancement we can further use solar energy for vertical farming, cooking, water treatment, and enhancing many more cool gadgets using solar energy for their energy source.
Quite prospective, isn’t it?
People are full of curiosity. People’s curiosity has made many inventions: new land’s discovery, new technologies – communication tools, internet, and robot. Even in this digital era, our curiosity is never satisfied!
There is a curiosity that has been held since years ago. With many researches that until now aren’t yet success, many disasters like tsunami and earthquake, and density of population that cause poverty, it makes people become more and more curious about this thing.
What is it?
Yes, find trace of life outside earth!
That sound’s interesting. There are two objects that interest us so much: moon and Mars. The first, moon. Moon’s terrain that is very similar with earth makes moon become the most decent place that can be lived by people that’s ever found. But of course earth is still much better than moon. Moon doesn’t have atmosphere so the difference between night and noon’s temperature is very extreme. The sky is always black. In addition, trace of life isn’t yet proved though research is still being done until now.
The second, Mars. This red planet’s condition is also outmatched compared to earth due to great difference between night and noon’s temperature. But this planet is unique because NASA found that there are many waterway traces. Maybe those traces were rivers thousands years ago. NASA is trying to collect that proof by landing Phoenix, an explorer robot, in Mars (but why NASA doesn’t land people in Mars??)
Phoenix landed on Mars. This picture is taken from http://www.geek.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/phoenix-mars-lander.jpg
With the improvement of outer space’s technology, people want to explore objects that are extremely far from earth. In this galaxy, planets that are very far from earth such as Jupiter and Saturn have many orbits. Maybe one of their orbits has life sign. For example Europe, Jupiter’s natural satellite. But Europe’s terrain just consists of ice desert, so it’s impossible to find life sign in such place like that. Ice as far as we stare, isn’t it wonderful??
There are more interesting objects than Europe. There are Jovian, Europe’s natural satellite and Enceladus, Saturn’s orbit. According to scientists’ estimation, both objects have dark, deep, and huge mass of “water”. The depth of sea is more than ten times deeper than the deepest trench in the earth. Let’s imagine, in such huge and deep area like that, doesn’t it have “sea creatures”?? It’s scary, isn’t it? Though there’s life sign in Jovian and Enceladus, it doesn’t assure people can live there because maybe Jovian’s creatures breathe using methane. Maybe Enceladus’ creature is fiercer than the fiercest predator in earth. Maybe they are smarter than us. Maybe…maybe….yeah, continue imagine by yourself ^^
Illustration about water in Enceladus. This picture is taken from http://www.dailygalaxy.com
Not just in this galaxy people seek the life sign. People also try to seek life sign outside Milky Way, but the condition is much more extreme than in this galaxy, such as planet than tenth times greater than Jupiter, or noon’s temperature that reach 2000 degree Celcius, or planet that circle its center so close.
Illustration about exoplanet that circle so close from its star. This picture is taken from http://www.scitech.ac.uk/PMC/PRel/images/ExoPlanet02.jpg
There are so many questions in my mind. If life sign is actually found, is the condition better than earth?? Are the creatures welcome us?? Can our technology escort us to the destination planet that is tenth light years from earth??
But it’s the most important question that you must think: if it’s so hard to seek life sign outside earth, if there is no place that can match earth’s beauty, why do we often treat our beautiful earth irresponsibly??
Robotic technology is a newer technology if it’s compared with computer or handphone technology. Many big companies or universities are interested to develop robotic technology. Even now robotic technology raises many students’ interest in High School.
Robotic technology is interested in because that technology offers ease. In addition, Hollywood films like Matrix and Terminator are also give contribution to raise people’s interest to learn robotic. Robot is considered as unique thing; beside it offers ease people can expand their creativity with create a new robot model.
Actually, what is robot? How can we say a thing ‘robot’? Robot is a tool to substitute human’s tasks, where it can work automatically. To work automatically robot needs a program to be embedded in its ‘brain’, that’s usually use Artificial Intelligence (AI).
There are some unique robot characteristics that people don’t have. First, because robot uses program as its controller, robot can do complex calculation that’s impossible to be done by people. Second, robot can do without emotion, so it’s surely that robot’s work is accurate and stabile.
In other hand robot doesn’t have creativity like human. So robot’s role to substitute human’s tasks must be set according to its unique characteristic: accurate, stabile, and don’t need creativity. First, robot can do tedious daily human’s tasks. At the moment, many of big companies use robots to do some tasks that aren’t appropriate to be done by human because it’s quite tedious, like mechanical arm robot/gripper to separate and pack goods. In car companies there are robots that are used to weld car’s body.
Second, because of robot’s unique characteristic that can work without affected by environment, robot can do many things that are impossible to be done by human. For instance, to explore Mars, of course many experts don’t dare to land people directly in Mars. Hence experts must research Mars’ condition whether it can be landed by human or not. The only one way is to send robot to Mars. Phoenix, robot that’s sent to Mars by NASA, even can do a mission that’s held by NASA, to search whether there’s a life sign or not.
Japan has developed snake robot that has very flexible body. That robot can detect disaster or fire victims that are buried in ruins. A task that’s very difficult to be done by human. In other way, robot can detect gas leak or toxic level.
Further, because of continuous innovation that is being done, robot’s functions aren’t just to substitute tedious or hazardous human’s tasks. In medical field there’s a robot that’s specialized to substitute doctor’s task to do surgeon. Doctor just controls the robot from other room. The usage of surgeon robot has some advantages. First, minimize the incision in patient’s body. Second, avoid the carelessness that can make malpractice that maybe done because of human mistake. It’s because robot can work very accurately according to program that’s embedded.
Innovation also allows robot become a tool that’s very helpful in human’s life. Robot can accompany old and handicapped people. For example, Care-O-Bot can detect its foreman’s condition. If its foreman becomes suddenly unconscious, Care-O-Bot will try to call his/her many times. If there’s no respond, Care-O-Bot will automatically call ambulance for help. There’s also a cute Japanese robot, Wakamaru, a humanoid robot that’s specialized to communicate with people. Wakamaru can greet and guide people, provide the newest information like weather and forecast, and highlight events.
Now some kinds of robot are also created to help our daily activities. Toyota Motor Corp and Tokyo University are collaborating to create robot that can clean our room, make our dining table neat, and the other maid’s tasks.
Military also often uses robotic technology. Robot is very helpful to help soldiers. Before US soldiers attack target, they send UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) as spy to give information about target area’s condition. USA also has Robodog, a robot that’s very helpful to carry soldier’s logistics and seek enemies. Robodog even can walk in heavy terrain like mountain.
Beside its function to help people, robot also becomes an object to show human’s creativity. Showing creativity by create sophisticated robot is a pride for the maker. Hence many big companies use their own robot as mascot. For example, a humanoid robot ASIMO that is claimed as the smartest robot in the world is a Honda’s mascot. ASIMO’s ability is very amazing; she can play violin, go upstairs and downstairs, and give respond when she sees her shadow in the mirror. There’s also a dog-shaped robot Aibo, a robot that’s become Sony’s mascot. There are so many interesting robotic innovations: female robot with fourteen expressions (Fashion-bot HRP-4C), child robot (i-Cub), chef robot (Okonomiyaki Robot/ Motoman SDA-10), and teacher robot (Saya).
The development of robotic technology is undoubtly very fast. It is even same as computer technology’s development 30 years ago. Bill Gates predicts that in 2025, robot will be known as general things as our computer or handphone right now.
But right now, to make robot as general thing, it still meets some problems. First, the quite high price of robot. It’s appropriate because robotic technology is considered a new technology. A new technology needs thought, effort, and fund that are not few. But little by little the price of robot will be decreased while the demand increases. The handphone’s price proves that. In 1990, just rich and important people that have handphone but now handphone is considered as very common things. Now almost every people have handphone.
Second, there are still few robotic makers. Robotic knowledge is still considered as complex and difficult object especially in the developed countries. But while the demand of robot increases, people will be encouraged to learn robotic technology.
As a conclusion, robot is a new technology but it’s very interesting. Beside it offers ease, people make robot to show their creativity. Robot is still a new thing but people need it because the unique robot characteristic like stabile, accurate, and isn’t affected by mood and work environment make robot is used to substitute improperly human’s tasks, for example hazardous or tedious tasks.
Human’s will to make robot more perfect from time to time make robot’s function isn’t just to substitute human’s tasks but robot also can help people like help handicapped people, do maid’s tasks and so many.
At the moment, the research to make robot more perfect is still continued. It makes robotic technology as the most prospective technology in the future.
So, they used message deliverer, people who are considered can be trusted by the king or the emissary, the adventurer or his family, warriors or their people. But, human is human. They have error prone. What if the message deliverer that being trusted, actually he exaggerate the message?
Hence people began to think the other method that more reliable, letter. Of course it’s more reliable, isn’t it? Because the sender writes the message himself, in addition nothing handwriting is same, isn’t it? It’s not difficult to write letter. You just need writing and reading ability^^
The letter delivery method is very unique; by animal like carrier pigeon, by nature, or by human. Delivery by nature, for me, is very unique. Usually this method is done by sailors who were in hostile condition like in stormy sea, adrift and buffeted in the ocean for several days. They put letters into wood boxes and floated it into the sea, hoped that someone will find these letters.
What if the deliverer is human? I am very salute with postman. Think, they can stand in rain, hot or winter season, even maybe in the storm! Oh, I remember one thing about the traditional postman that I’ve read. In 1860, US had their first reliable postal service, namely Pony Express with 400 pony horses and 80 riders. They rode through Grand Canyon or Sierra Nevada Mountains to deliver so many letters. Wow, it’s very great! Like this slogan “my life, my adventure”. Of course they must have very strong physics and mental. I can’t imagine, if there’s an accident that happened at one of them, while he bring so many letters that must be delivered on time to many different address, and then… (continue it yourself, hohoho)
Because of these constraints, people thought the method that more sophisticated, telegram, or maybe known as wire letter. It doesn’t need message deliverer or postman. But it has a clear constraint; it’s very limited of words. The words that you write must be very short, just one sentence and no more than 8 words. In addition, these words must be abbreviated. So, it’s unsatisfied - what if our message is long but urgent?
So telephone emerged. With wire as its pulse mediator, we can use it to talk for a long time with our family in other town (note: tax is neglected ^^). But human is human, never satisfied, predestined to always changes and evolutes. A problem appeared: what if I must contact with they who are in the street? Of course we can’t use telephone, isn’t it?
A great revolution that makes our life much easier appeared: electromagnetic wave. Yes, it changes our lifestyle, makes our communication system become wireless. Constraints that are generated in previous communication tools have answered here. Now, every people bring handphone in their pocket, including you and me, isn’t it? Ship or plane that is in emergency condition doesn’t need to float the message “Help Me!!” in the ocean, hope that someday, someone will found it in somewhere. They just need to contact with the nearest control tower through radio signal. Satellites in outer space can help us to bounce signal, so we can communicate with the others though in the different region. If God allow us to see microscopic material, we can see waves around us! Signal everywhere…
It’s very modern era. We can communicate with the other people in different region through this tool: internet. We can do everything through internet, such as listening music, reading newspaper, writing your comment in international forum, and even reading my blog! Letter that in the past delivered manually by postman, now can be sent electronically. Notice that many word of important activities begin with e; eBook, e-Commerce, eLearning, email, etc. There’s our common activity: chatting. The word that you type is received by your German friend for less than one second, though you’re in Indonesia! Even now, people make new feature for chatting, namely webcam. It allows you to see the receiver’s face, though now it’s still very limited.
Okay, I’ll assert it again: HUMAN IS HUMAN, THEY ARE PREDESTINED TO ALWAYS CHANGE AND EVOLUTE. Human is the only one creature that never satisfied with the existing method. Our world needs something that can more than connect us with our receiver. I mean, we can talk with the other friend, see the receiver’s environment very obviously, even it appears to be tangible. It is just separated by a very thin layer! Astonishing. This future technology was ever explained by Professor Yohanes Surya, a famous professor in my country when there was a seminar in Hwa Ind, my Senior High School. I am very respect with him because his obsession about future technology.
Apparently, the way to reach it is beginning now. Recently a company in Japan released a communication tool that looks like robot, namely Novo Minoru. (in Japanese, minoru means real). Let’s look the picture below!
To use it, stare the eyes of Minoru, the Minoru’s eyes are enhanced with camera. Your eyes and Minoru’s eyes must be at the same level. Afterward, talk with your friend. Then in the Minoru’s nose, it will appear the video about the receiver’s environment obviously. Wow, crazy!
I think it’s absolutely right what Prof. Yohanes Surya said. Communication technology will make it real. It can blur the border between one nation and the others, one continent and the others. Even later, it’s possible to make teleport as our communication tool!
Hello, guys! This is the last edition of special animal, prepare your journey, we’ll go to adorable places in this last edition!
Uniquely, these animals may be deaf. Charles Darwin proved it when he was going here to do experiment. When Darwin paced closely to these monsters, they didn’t react. And while Darwin paced more closer and closer, these monsters sounded ‘hiss’ and hid their head and legs to their shells.
10. Now upside down your globe and look the bottom of earth, Antarctica. There’s one peculiar animal here that already become mascots in many places, one of them is Linux Company, a software company. Yeah, penguin!
Penguin is the bird which can’t fly, but uniquely they can dive smartly. They dive to find their main food, krill and fish. In addition, they’re very patient animal. While they’re breeding, they can stand in their position for a long time, even when blizzard happens.
There’s a funny thing that happen in their community. If a female penguin, call it penguin A, lose their calf, she’ll “angry” and try to take the other calf by force, for example to penguin B. Funnily, some penguin that are in the same place, help penguin B to defend their calf.
So funny animal!
11. Okay, turn up your globe, look at North Pole area! Look, so many bulky and tusky creature herding! Guess what are? Yeah, walrus! When we see walrus, at first we’ll see their tusks. Their tusks’ length reaches 1 meter
and their weight is approximately 5.4 kg.Walrus include long-lived animal, their age reach 50 years. The male start to mating when they’re 15 years old, and the female are 4-6 years old. Usually, their copulate period is in January until April, when summer.
After copulate period, usually walrus do migration from icy area to rocky beaches that are warmer. In one time they migrate, their number can reach thousands or even ten thousands.
12. Now, we’ll end our nice journey in Europe. Look at one last animal, reindeer. The deer with beautiful antler. Actually, their population spread among several areas, such as Mongolia, North China, Siberia, Scandinavia, Eire, England, Greenland, and North America. But I choose this animal as representation of Europe continent because there’s a famous story form this continent, about Santa Claus’ snow carriage that pulled by six reindeer. A famous Christmas story. A peaceful and beautiful children story.
Okay, back to the topic. Reindeers use their antler to help them find their food, lichens. Reindeers also eat willows and birches’ leaves. In the fall season, reindeers migrate while mating. And in the winter, this animal migrates to find food. Uniquely, this animal can swim smartly in lakes during their migration.Yeah, it’s all about special animal that can represent each area. So, our journey ends here. One question to you: am I a good guider?
Do you know human-error can cause the deaths of thousands people? Now, I’ll tell you the worst nuclear accident, Chernobyl. This accident is the explosion of nuclear reactor near Pripyat, a small city in Ukraine, in April 26, 1986. This explosion caused direct deaths for 46 workers and more than 600,000 peoples have been contaminated, and about 4000 of them died because of thyroid cancer in 1986-2004 periods.
I’ll tell you a little about how nuclear reactor works. In the core of reactor, there are radioactive materials that produce heat continuously. To keep reactor core in the safe temperature so there’s not overheated, coolant water must be flowed continuously. In reactor 4 Chernobyl (that exploding happened), there consisted of 1600 fuel channel and each of them need 28 tonnes of coolant water per hour.
That have been planned, in daytime April 25, 1986, reactor 4 will be shutted down for routine maintenance and an experiment will be held to test emergency core cooling safety during shut down process. Although reactor is in shut down condition, radioactive materials inside continue to produce heat and hence control rods must be entered here to stop it, and then removed by coolant water.
It’s the chronology about fatal human error that cause explosion of reactor 4 and blow so many radioactive materials.
Daytime, April 25, 1986
A team of engineers had arrived to test the new voltage regulating system. During shut down, the output of reactor was decreased about 50%. Unfortunately, a regional power station went offline. It can cause lack of producing electricity, hence Kiev grid controller commanded to delay the test.
April 25, 11:04 pm
This delay caused serious result. According to plan, the test should end in the daytime and in the night it just for maintenance after shut down. But because of the delay, the test was held in the night. Thus the procedure for test in the night wasn’t prepared. At that moment, there are two people who were responsible for the night shift: Alexander Akimov (the chief) and Leonid Toptunov (the reactor’s operational manager).
Because of the test, the reactor’s output was decreased, from 3200 MW to 70-100 MW.
Toptunov did a serious mistake, entered too many control rods, thus the reactor was near shut down condition (the output became 30 MW).
In that condition, the test was impossible to be held. And there was a condition that they didn’t realize: in the lower output condition like that, xenon-poisoning happened, where much of xenon-135 absorb neutrons and hence inhibit nuclear reaction.
The operators that unaware it, thought that the cause of low heat producing was too many control rods. Then they pulled out the control rods and turned off automatic control rods system, but because of xenon poisoning that inhibit nuclear reaction, the output was just 200 MW. Then the test was continued.
April 26, 1:05 am
Coolant water activated, as the routine procedure.
1:19 am
Coolant water exceeded safe limit, caused decreased heat producing and steam void. This is caused operators removed all the control rods manually.
Control rods removal caused unstable reactor condition. Steam production failure happened. In that condition, shut down should be activated but the operators disabled the shut down system.
1:23:04 am
Coolant water flow decreased and steam generators produced heat again. Unfortunately, the control rod remnants inhibited radioactive materials to reach the coolant water. Consequently, overheated happened, exceed that xenon can be absorbed. Within automatic and manual control rods disable, nothing can avoid this overheated condition.
1:23:40 am
Operators pressed AZ-5 (Rapid Emergency Defense-5) and activated SCRAM system (to shut down reactor and enter all the control rods). Unfortunately, this mechanism worked slowly, about 18-20 seconds. Ironically, the erroneous graphite tip control rods design caused control rods to remove the coolant water before nuclear reaction decreased. This condition actually increased nuclear reaction rate, therefore nuclear core overheated. Some of control rods fractured and trapped the next control rods that should be entered. In three seconds the output became 530 MW.
1:23:47 am
Seven seconds afterward, the output became 30 GW, ten times from the normal output. Consequently, it ruptured fuel channels and the pipes that was used to flow coolant water.
1:24:20 am
The first steam generators explosion happened and destroyed reactor’s roof, blew radioactive materials in the air. This explosion caused more fuel channels, control rods, and pipes destroyed.
1:24:23
Second explosion happened. More radioactive material released, and the reactor’s roof that is composed by graphite aggravated it.
All operators that work died within one week. They worked without protective suit. In short time after the accident, firefighter team arrived to extinguish this reactor. Ironically, they didn’t know if this wasn’t a regular fire. “We don’t know if it’s a nuclear reactor. No one tell us”, said Vladimir Pravik, the commander of that firefighter, that dies in May 9, 1986 because of acute radiation.
In 5 am the fire can be extinguished, but the fire inside the reactor continued until May 10, 1986. That fire was handled by many helicopters that dropped more that 5000 tonnes of sand, lead, clay, and boron, and also sprayed liquid nitrogen.
The eyewitnesses, before they died, were asked how that they felt about the radioactive contamination. They said that they tasted “metal sensation”, and they felt their face was sticked by thousands of pins and needles.
The next results, all of Pripyat residents were evacuated. Victims were inevitable. Twenty seven workers in Moldova died because of thyroid cancer in that year. Great evacuation happened in Russia, Ukraine, Belorussia, and Moldova, the areas which felt the worst effect of Chernobyl disaster. Further, radioactive materials were found in the Sweden workers’ clothes.
These are the results in human. How about the environment? Pripyat River wasn’t suitable to be consumed. Radioactive materials were accumulated in the fishes’ body. Forests that are in 4 square kilometers around Chernobyl reactors were badly damaged; the pine trees were browned and died. Some animals died, and the others stopped reproduce.
So, beware about nuclear. I think it’s better to use water or earth power plant rather than nuclear power plant. Although water power plant produce less energy than nuclear, but it’s safer.
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Original source: wikipedia
In one time hippos eat, hippos can eat 68 kilograms of grass! Because hippos eat very much grass, their feces are very much, too. That’s why this animal is the factor of the unhygiene of Nile river.
this picture is taken from http://www.bbc.co.uk/
7. Let’s go to the middle Africa, and we’ll drive a jeep to a prairie. Look at the zebra, an animal which is grazing. Zebra – an u
nique horse with the white and black fur. Their unique color makes an advantageous for them. They can camouflage themselves from their predator like lion and tiger, because their predator are blind-color ( lion and tiger just can see black and white gradation). Zebras live in wide prairie and this animal live in herding. Maybe there’s a question, why we never see the man who ride a zebra? This is because the zebras’ behavior can’t be predicted and this animal can easily panic. So, if you won’t to be overthrown, don’t ride zebra. ^^
8. From Africa, we’ll cross Atlantic Sea, and let’s go to North America! Do you know the emblem of USA? Yeah, bald eagle. Its wing is spanning widely, its eye seeking sharply, its clutch is very strong, its
beak is very sharp. Bald eagle eats fish. If there’s winter and sea’s surface is frozen, bald eagles will migrate to warmer area.
9. Turn down your globe to South America. Yeah, we’ll go to the densest forest in this world, Amazon jungle! But, be careful! Avoid a monster namely anaconda. Because anaconda can eat you in one swallow. It’s the longest snake, the length can up to 10 meters. That’s why anaconda is considered as god by several tribes in Amazon.
thsi picture is taken from www.animals.nationalgeographic.comActually, this big snake rarely eats. After anaconda eats, anaconda can “meditate” for about one year. This snake has wide self-territorial and lives solitary. But, if there’s copulation period, prepare yourself to see the great “ monsters feast”.
God creatures this world variously. Nothing’s same in this world, including its fauna. Try to turn your globe! Just as you turn it for a little, it has already shown different areas and of course, different fauna for each area.
Look! For each area in this world, surely it is at least one special animal. These animals are often used as emblem for this area. Now, let’s start our journey! In this part, I’ll invite you to Asia and Australia.
1. Let’s turn your globe to east part of this world… China! And I think you’ve already known their special animal. Yeah, panda.
Panda is very funny and cute animal. Panda is a kind of bear, but it’s unique – panda eats bamboo, not meat. Panda also eats egg and insect. Their habitat is in mountains area. Panda is one of animal which is in extinction threatening. Hence it is necessary to build a panda reservation. Now, the most famous panda reservation is in Wolong, Sichuan, China.Actually, panda is very lazy animal, especially for copulation. It is one of the factor why it’s difficult to increase their population. In addition, panda willn’t eat bamboo, if the bamboo isn’t from the nature forest!
2. Turn down your globe, and you’ll find an archipelago, Indonesia. In Indonesia, so many animals live, because there are tropical forest here. And I’ll direct your journey to Komodo Island in Nusa Tenggara, because it is one of the candidate of seven wonders of the world.
e is taken from www.whozoo.com) Komodo, a scary animal. It’s similar with a very big house lizard. I’ll tell you a story about komodo.
3. Now, direct your globe to South Asia, and look for India. You know, for centuries, the tribes in India is famous because of their strength army. This is because, not like the other armies in other areas in the world, they used elephant as their “vehicle”! So, not like horseman, their “vehicle” can help them for war, too.
The strength of ‘elephant-man’ of India has inspired a famous film, Lord of The Ring.
Australia. What animal do you think if you remember this continent? Koala, kangaroo, platypus, black swan, and more! Because people call Australia as ‘kangaroo continent’, I’ll explain about it.
Kangaroo – a famous animal because they “cradle their baby” in the pouch. Kangaroo moves with its incredible jump. An animal that I think – very agile, unique.
Up till now, our world is depending on natural gas and petroleum oil. Every important aspect in this world can’t be rid of these two things: transportation, cooking, even world’s politic and economy. For instance, Arab Emirates Union that’s very rich from their abundant “black gold” resources. With its abound oil sources, this country can build so many super sophisticated buildings.
However, scientists estimate, approximately in 2020’s our petroleum will be exhausted. Although many countries try to limit the use of these, it just delays for a little time. The effect will be very bad. Surely, Arab countries will be collapse, and so do countries which depend on Arab’s oil export. This is even possible that world war will be happen because so many countries struggle to get remaining oil source.
Many research are being done to solve this problem. Biofuel is the most interesting solution and it is easy to be developed. This isn’t a new thing, just not all countries apply it. Europe plan, in 2010 5.75% of their fuel for transportation are ethanol, that’s derived from wheats, beets, potatoes, or corns. And the use will be increased become 20% in 2020. The other country that use biofuel is Brazil, that is more advanced that Europe in biofuel use. A quarter of their transportation fuels in 2002 is ethanol.
From the name, biofuel means the fuel that’s derived from living creature. The common materials are the product from wet cesspool (like animal’s feces) to yield biogas, combustion of dry cesspool, or planter of the fast-growth plant like sugar cane, corn, and castor oil plant.
Certainly, not all of plant can be became biofuel ‘s material. There are two criteria. First, the plants must contain plenty of sugar, like sugar cane and beet, or contain high carbohydrate, like corn. Using yeast fermentation, sugar and carbohydrate are changed into alcohol ethyl. Second, plants that contain high vegetable oil like oil palm, castor oil plant, algae, and soybean. This vegetable oil will be heated so their viscosity will be decreased. Afterward, they will be in combustion process in diesel machine and processed chemically, and finally yield biodiesel fuel.
Biofuel that are in common developed now is still first generation (still using plant that’s consumed by human and animal). Actually, in the past our world has been used primitive biofuel, charcoal. The more modern first generation biofuel is biofuel which material is from cooking oil. There’s a peculiar machine that is used to separate cooking oil from water and other particles, so the cooking oil can be used as fuel. However, it’s annotated that it just used in limited scale because the quality of the product isn’t good enough.
The most popular first generation biofuel is biodiesel and bioalcohol. Biodiesel is common in Europe, and bioalcohol is commonly used in Brazil. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oil high-contained plant. Oil is composed with sodium hydroxide and methanol by chemical reaction and yields biodiesel (the chemical composition, methyl ethyl ether). While kinds of bioalcohol are ethanol, propanol, and butanol. Ethanol will be explained here, because it is the most common bioalcohol. Ethanol is made by sugar fermentation from wheat, beets, and the other plants that high-contained of sugar.
The main problem from biofuel is caused by the material that’s used to make biofuel. It is made by the plant which is consumed by human and animals, and it can cause severe poverty if we just rely on the mass production from the first generation biofuel. Hence, biofuel experts claim that they have been developing the second generation of biofuel, that’s not made by consumed plant, like biomass cesspool, wheat’s stem, corn’s stem, wood, and Mischantus. The expected products are biohydrogen, biomethanol, and wood diesel. Besides, scientists are doing experiment with organism that derived from DNA synthetic that can increase biofuel’s production.
The use of biofuel is very advantageous, besides it can solve the problem of oil lack, it also decrease global-warming threat, because CO2 that contained in the smoke is much greater than biofuel. Now, it’s difficult to apply biofuel massively, because there are so many poor and developed countries that relied on their agriculture production. Nevertheless, we’re much hoping that second generation biofuel success to develop, so biofuel is the most proper way to solve the world’s problem.
Future technology haven't been as fiction, but it's real. So many experiences are being tried in this world. Approximately in 2010 we'll see our world's biggest revolution of technology.
Transportation
Flight car (yeah, it in progress, now, scientists in English are trying to make it). It's very effective to decrease traffic jam.
Robotic
More and more, like ASIMO and Wakamaru, will be known generally. As we know, Japan will distributed it greatly especially in Asia. How about robotic soldier? Pentagon is developing it now, and approximately in 2010, they'll be used in Iraqi and Afghanistan war. Behold!!!
Space
Now, spaceship is designed not only used by astronauts, more than that, it also designed for us! We can enjoy ungravitation circumstances during 5-6 minutes. In the future, it'll be possible to hold comercial flight to outer space!
Nanotechnology
In the future, nanotechnology is very important. Some technologies like chip, nanorobotic and more will be developed more and more. Well, can you imagine, while you come in a room, the wall's room can change its color, from white to red? Incredible!
Cloning
Cloning? Some countries think that it's impossible. But, look! In South Korea, dogs are cloned for law's importance.
Computer
In the future, computer will be smaller and smaller, it may be just as small as your paper. We can talk with other's people in abroad by computer like we face them.
